MACA Limited is an Australian listed company that has established itself in both the mining and civil construction sectors. Below is an in-depth look at the company based on the provided details.
Company Overview
- Listing & Registration:
MACA Limited has been listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX Code: MLD) since November 2010 following a highly successful Initial Public Offer (IPO). The company is registered under ABN 42 144 745 782, with its registered office located at 45 Division Street, Welshpool, WA 6106. - Share Structure:
The company has 232,676,373 fully paid ordinary shares held by 2,554 individual shareholders. Its share registry is managed by Computershare Investor Services Pty Ltd, which underscores a strong corporate governance framework.
Operational Segments
MACA Limited operates in two primary segments, each tailored to meet distinct market needs:
- Mining Contracting:
- Services Offered:
The company provides comprehensive contract mining services. These include essential operations like load and haul, drill and blast, crush and screen, and materials handling. - Mine-to-Plant Arrangements:
In addition to core mining activities, MACA also offers mine-to-plant services, ensuring that material flow is optimized from extraction through to processing.
- Services Offered:
- Civil Contracting:
- Scope of Work:
The civil division is focused on delivering infrastructure solutions. This includes road development and maintenance, tailings dam construction, evaporation lake development, complete mine framework works, and airport runway development. - Equipment & Technology:
MACA Civil is equipped with modern earthmoving machinery such as graders, excavators, dump trucks, and track dozers. This technological edge enables the company to execute large-scale projects efficiently and meet the precise requirements of various civil construction ventures.
- Scope of Work:
Governance and Leadership
- Board of Directors:
The leadership team comprises seasoned professionals:- Andrew Edwards: Non-executive Chairman
- Chris Tuckwell: Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer (appointed 4 August 2014)
- Geoff Baker: Operations Director
- Linton Kirk & Robert Ryan: Non-executive Directors (with Robert Ryan joining on 18 August 2015)
- Peter Gilford: Company Secretary
- Auditors:
The company’s financials are audited by Moore Stephens, a reputable accounting firm based in Perth. This relationship supports transparency and accountability in MACA Limited’s financial reporting.
Financial Performance and Shareholder Returns
- Dividend Policy:
Since its listing, MACA Limited has returned a total dividend of $1.075 per share to its investors. This demonstrates a consistent commitment to rewarding shareholders and maintaining investor confidence. - Market Position:
By having a diversified operational structure in both mining and civil contracting, MACA is able to manage market fluctuations effectively. The dual focus not only spreads risk but also positions the company to benefit from opportunities in both sectors.
Strategic Insights
- Diversification of Services:
The blend of mining and civil contracting operations allows MACA Limited to serve a broader range of clients—from resource extraction companies to government and private infrastructure projects. - Modern Operational Techniques:
With the integration of state-of-the-art equipment and contemporary work strategies, MACA Civil is capable of executing complex projects with precision, ensuring that project goals are met within budget and on schedule. - Corporate Governance and Leadership:
An experienced board of directors and solid auditing practices enhance the company’s credibility and operational reliability, which is crucial in sectors that demand both technical expertise and robust financial management.
MACA Limited stands out as a key player in the Australian construction and mining industries. Its successful IPO, consistent dividend payouts, diversified service offerings, and robust leadership structure all contribute to a strong market presence. The company’s ability to blend advanced technology with strategic operational practices positions it well to capitalize on future opportunities in both mining and civil construction, ensuring sustainable growth and long-term value for its shareholders.
MACA Limited’s business operations are built around two main service divisions—Mining Contracting and Civil Contracting—which together enable the company to provide a comprehensive range of services to the mining and construction sectors. Here’s a detailed breakdown of each area and what it means for the business and its stakeholders:
Mining Contracting Services
- Load and Haul:
This service involves the efficient loading of raw ore or mined material onto trucks and transporting it from the mining site to a processing plant. The goal is to ensure smooth logistics and minimal delays, which is critical for maintaining steady production flows. - Drill and Blast:
In this operation, specialized drilling equipment creates holes in the rock formations. Explosives are then used to break apart the rock. This method is essential for fragmenting the material, making it easier to extract and process the valuable minerals contained within. - Crush and Screen:
After blasting, the fragmented rock is fed into crushing equipment to reduce its size. The crushed material is then sorted by screening equipment into different size categories, which is a vital step before further processing or direct sale. - Materials Handling and Mine-to-Plant Arrangements:
This involves the logistics of managing and transporting materials within the mining operation—from extraction right through to processing. The “mine-to-plant” arrangement is a streamlined contract ensuring that materials move efficiently from the mining site directly to the processing plant, reducing handling time and costs.
Civil Contracting Services
- Road Development and Maintenance:
MACA Civil constructs and maintains road networks, which are crucial not only for access to remote mining locations but also for the broader infrastructure needs of regional development. - Tailings Dam Development:
This service includes designing and constructing dams that securely contain tailings—the byproducts of mining operations. Effective tailings dam construction is critical for environmental safety and compliance with regulatory standards. - Evaporation Lake Development:
These projects involve creating or managing lakes designed to facilitate the evaporation of water. Such facilities are often vital in arid regions to manage water resources and prevent excess water from interfering with mining or construction operations. - Complete Mine Framework Works:
This encompasses the comprehensive construction and maintenance of a mine’s infrastructure, such as support buildings, workshops, and utility installations required to keep mining operations running smoothly. - Airport Runway Development:
Demonstrating the company’s versatility, MACA Civil also undertakes large-scale construction projects beyond mining, including the development and maintenance of airport runways. - Major Earthworks Ventures and Drainage Establishments:
These projects involve large-scale movement of earth to shape landscapes for various construction projects. Drainage systems are integrated into these works to ensure proper water runoff management, reducing risks of flooding and structural damage. - Construction of Structures:
This can involve building industrial facilities, support structures, or other necessary infrastructure components that facilitate mining and civil projects.
Equipment & Modern Operational Strategies
- Modern Machinery Fleet:
MACA Civil operates an extensive range of contemporary earthmoving equipment—graders, excavators, dump trucks, track dozers, and more. This modern fleet ensures that projects are completed efficiently and to high-quality standards. - Advanced Work Strategies:
Beyond having modern gear, the company implements up-to-date work strategies and operational techniques to meet project specifications, optimize resource use, and deliver results on time. This approach helps in managing project complexity and variability, whether in remote mining locations or urban infrastructure developments.
Shareholder Returns: Dividend Policy
- Dividend Payouts:
Since its listing in November 2010, MACA Limited has distributed a total of $1.075 per share in dividends to its shareholders. This payout reflects:- Financial Stability: The consistent dividend distribution signals that the company is generating reliable cash flow from its diverse operations.
- Commitment to Investors: Returning profits to shareholders reinforces investor confidence and underlines the company’s commitment to rewarding those who support its growth.
- Attractiveness for Investment: Regular dividends can make the company’s shares more attractive to both income-focused and long-term investors, contributing to a stable shareholder base.
MACA Limited’s dual-focus strategy—combining specialized mining contracting services with a robust civil contracting division—enables the company to address a wide range of client needs in both the resource extraction and infrastructure sectors. The advanced equipment, coupled with modern operational strategies, not only improves efficiency but also enhances project outcomes. Additionally, the consistent dividend payouts since its IPO highlight the company’s strong financial management and commitment to rewarding its investors.
This integrated approach positions MACA Limited as a versatile and reliable partner in the mining and construction industries, capable of managing large-scale projects with precision and delivering steady returns to its shareholders.
Below is a detailed explanation that integrates MACA Limited’s financial structure with the broader industry context in which it operates.
Capital Structure
MACA Limited, established in November 2002 and registered as a public company in 2010, currently has a relatively straightforward and healthy capital structure. Key highlights include:
- Ordinary Shares and Market Value:
The company has 232.7 million ordinary shares outstanding. With a share price of $0.825 (as of 21 August 2015), its undiluted market capitalization stands at approximately $192.0 million. This valuation provides a snapshot of investor sentiment and market confidence in the company’s prospects. - Liquidity Position:
As at 30 June 2015, MACA reported cash reserves of $118.5 million and bank debt of $76.2 million. This means the company had a net cash position of roughly $42.3 million, which is a strong liquidity indicator. Such a position enables MACA to fund ongoing operations, invest in new projects, and potentially return value to shareholders through dividends. - Workforce:
With 1,050 employees, MACA’s scale supports its operations across both mining and civil contracting services, underscoring a mid-sized organization capable of managing substantial project portfolios.
Industry Analysis
MACA’s operational success is closely tied to the broader dynamics of both the mining and civil construction sectors. Several factors shape these industries:
- Mining Industry Characteristics:
Research by Francis and Emma (2015) suggests that the mining sector is marked by several critical stages—from the exploration and early extraction of mineral deposits to the segregation and processing of metals. This “value chain” becomes especially profitable as new innovations are introduced (Bartos 2007; Boudreau-Trudel et al. 2014).
Additionally, Australia’s mining industry benefits from a stable regulatory environment, low sovereign risk, and access to a highly skilled workforce and cutting-edge technology, as noted by the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. These factors help maintain Australia as one of the lowest cost and most competitive mining environments in the world. - Export Orientation and Capital Intensity:
The industry is globally price competitive and highly export oriented—with exports expected to account for just over two-thirds of revenue in 2015-16 (as per IBISWorld insights). This means that global supply and demand for commodities, commodity price levels, and the exchange rate of the Australian dollar significantly influence performance. Furthermore, mining operations are largely capital intensive, requiring substantial upfront investment in exploration, extraction, and processing infrastructure. - Australia’s Global Role:
Thanks to its abundant mineral resources—including iron ore, nickel, bauxite, copper, gold, silver, uranium, precious stones, zinc, and coal—Australia is expected to remain a major player in the global mining industry. Projections anticipated that the mining sector’s output could reach around US $107.3 billion by 2017, growing at an average annual rate of 4.3%. This growth is also expected to boost the mining division’s contribution to Australia’s GDP, rising from 5.6% in 2012 to 7.6% in 2017. - Competitive and External Pressures:
Despite these strengths, the industry is not without challenges. Global competition—particularly from China’s supply chain—poses a significant threat. While Australia’s mining industry remains robust due to its low cost and stable operating environment, the competitive pressure from Chinese manufacturers and exporters means that continual innovation and operational efficiency are essential.
MACA Limited’s solid capital structure—characterized by substantial cash reserves relative to debt and a stable share base—provides the financial flexibility needed to navigate the complex, capital-intensive landscape of the mining and civil construction industries. At the same time, its performance is deeply intertwined with industry dynamics, including global commodity demand, technological innovation, and competitive pressures from international players such as China. This dual exposure positions MACA both to benefit from the growth in mining output and to manage the inherent risks of operating in a globally competitive environment.
Scope of the Construction Industry
The construction industry—often defined by IBISWorld Reports—encompasses a wide range of activities and projects. This sector includes firms involved in:
- Infrastructure and Development Projects:
– The development of structures such as commercial and residential buildings, streets, railways, harbors, and waterways.
– The installation and maintenance of essential utilities and systems, including water, gas, sewerage, stormwater channels, power lines, transmission lines, pipelines, and oil refineries. - Additional Services:
– Companies that perform repairs and remodels, mine site planning, demolition/excavation (often referred to as “unearthings” or “annihilations”), and utility installation.
In essence, this sector covers both building and non-building projects—from new construction to repair and maintenance—spanning public infrastructure, private developments, and heavy industrial projects.
Industry Trends and Revenue Projections
Recent trends indicate that the construction division has experienced divergent patterns in its downstream markets:
- Building Markets vs. Non-Building Markets:
– In the building sector, activity has been relatively “repressed,” implying lower-than-expected growth or demand.
– Conversely, the non-building development market witnessed a surge in interest to record levels. However, as projects reached completion (“undertaking fruition”), that surge tapered off. - Skilled Contract Workers:
Workers with expertise in large-scale projects—for example, those involved in basic steel erection and site preparation—have profited from: – Extraordinary private investment in mining and energy infrastructure. – Strong public investment in telecommunications (data transfers) and street infrastructure. - Revenue Figures:
The overall division revenue is reported to be approximately $344 billion, with forecasts projecting an annualized increase of about 1.9% over the five years through 2015–16 (reaching roughly $344.1 billion).
MACA Limited’s Competitive Environment
Within the broader Australian construction industry, MACA Limited faces competition from several key players. According to recent figures from Financial Times Data (as of 13 November 2015), its major competitors include:
- MRM MMA Offshore Limited
- Ashley Services Group Limited
- WDS Limited
- PPK Group Limited
- CGH CALIBRE GROUP LIMITED
Additionally, MACA is rated as “under 67” on a certain performance scale—an indication of its competitive positioning relative to peers.
Challenges Faced in 2015 and Strategic Responses
The financial year 2015 proved particularly challenging for both the mining and civil contracting segments. Key hurdles included:
- Adverse Economic Conditions:
– Weak commodity (product) prices and a subdued economic outlook created difficult trading conditions.
– These challenges were especially pronounced in the second half of the year, which negatively impacted the company’s share price and overall trading environment.
(For further details, see MACA’s 2015 Annual Report: - MACA’s Strategic Measures:
Despite these obstacles, MACA Limited implemented several strong strategic initiatives to weather the downturn:- Operational Focus: A steady and consistent focus on managing and executing operations to maintain project delivery.
- Customer and Relationship Commitment: An ongoing commitment to customers and long-term business relationships to secure repeat contracts.
- Disciplined Financial Management: Financial performance is bolstered by high asset utilization and disciplined handling of operational and overhead costs.
- Skilled Workforce Delivery: The company leverages the capability of its workforce to deliver services and outcomes reliably.
- Safety Culture: A continual dedication to safe working practices, ensuring that operations are conducted securely and with minimal risk.
- Adaptive Corporate Culture: A culture centered on proactive thinking, clear communication, and adaptability to changing conditions.
- Innovative Business Expansion: The use of innovative methods such as collaboration agreements and securing preferred contractor status to expand business relationships and secure new contracts.
The construction industry, as defined by its diverse portfolio of projects—from infrastructure and utilities to repairs and demolitions—remains a critical component of Australia’s economic landscape. With its revenue base estimated at around $344 billion and modest projected growth, the sector provides both challenges and opportunities. MACA Limited, operating within this environment, not only competes with several major industry players but also confronts a dynamic market characterized by fluctuating demand between building and non-building segments. Despite a challenging financial year marked by weak commodity prices and subdued trading conditions, MACA’s strategic focus on operational excellence, customer commitment, and innovative business relationships has enabled it to navigate these headwinds effectively.
Below is a comprehensive analysis of MACA Limited’s financial performance over the three‐year period from 2013 to 2015, incorporating key figures, trends, and ratio analysis.
Revenue and Profit Trends
- Revenue Growth:
In 2013, total revenue stood at AUD 461.90 million. In 2014, revenue surged by 28% to AUD 589.60 million—a very strong increase that reflected robust market conditions for that year. However, in 2015, revenue growth virtually stalled with only a 1% increase to AUD 598.00 million. This slowdown indicates that the factors driving the previous year’s boom did not persist into 2015. - Gross Profit and Operating Income:
Gross profit increased from AUD 66.70 million in 2013 to AUD 77.40 million in 2014 (an approximate 16% increase), but then declined by about 4% to AUD 74.50 million in 2015. Operating income, similarly, rose from AUD 50.70 million in 2013 to AUD 61.00 million in 2014, only to fall to AUD 51.80 million in 2015. The narrowing of gross profit and operating income margins in 2015 suggests that rising costs or less efficient cost management may have offset revenue gains. - Net Income and EPS:
Net income after tax grew by roughly 10% from AUD 50.40 million in 2013 to AUD 55.40 million in 2014, but then dipped by about 2% to AUD 54.40 million in 2015. Earnings per share (EPS) trends are mixed; one summary table indicates an increase from 0.26 in 2013 to 0.31 in 2014 and 0.32 in 2015, while a more detailed breakdown shows basic EPS (excluding extra items) moving from 0.32 in 2013 down to 0.30 in 2014 and further to 0.24 in 2015. The apparent differences may be partly attributable to changes in the weighted average number of shares outstanding—rising from 157.3 million in 2013 to 232.7 million in 2015—which can dilute per-share measures even if total earnings remain robust. - Dividends:
The cash dividend per share increased steadily—from 0.10 in 2013, to 0.14 in 2014, and 0.15 in 2015—reflecting MACA’s commitment to returning value to shareholders even when revenue growth slowed.
Financial Ratio Analysis
Two key profitability ratios provide additional insight:
- Gross Profit Margin:
- For 2014:
GPM=77.40589.60×100≈13.13%\text{GPM} = \frac{77.40}{589.60} \times 100 \approx 13.13\% - For 2015:
GPM=74.50598.00×100≈12.46%\text{GPM} = \frac{74.50}{598.00} \times 100 \approx 12.46\%
- For 2014:
- Profit Margin:
- For 2014:
Profit Margin=55.40589.60×100≈9.40%\text{Profit Margin} = \frac{55.40}{589.60} \times 100 \approx 9.40\% - For 2015:
Profit Margin=54.40598.00×100≈9.10%\text{Profit Margin} = \frac{54.40}{598.00} \times 100 \approx 9.10\%
- For 2014:
Balance Sheet Strength and Liquidity
- Liquidity and Debt:
Comparing balance sheets over the three years shows a generally healthy liquidity position:- Cash and Short-Term Investments: Increased from AUD 110 million (2014) to AUD 118.6 million (2015).
- Debt Levels: Total debt decreased from AUD 97.9 million in 2014 to AUD 76.2 million in 2015, which improves the net cash position.
- Equity Position:
Total equity grew from AUD 238.7 million in 2014 to AUD 256 million in 2015, reflecting retained earnings and possibly lower liabilities, both positive signals for the company’s long-term financial health.
Overall Assessment
- 2014 Performance:
The 2014 financial year was particularly strong—marked by a 28% increase in revenue and a 10% rise in net income after tax. This robust performance likely resulted from favorable market conditions and effective operational management. - 2015 Performance:
In contrast, 2015 saw revenue growth nearly flat (only 1% increase) and a slight decline in net income (2% decrease). The compression in both gross and net profit margins points to either increased cost pressures or a more challenging operating environment. Despite these headwinds, MACA maintained its dividend payouts and improved its balance sheet by reducing debt, which are both important for investor confidence. - Strategic Implications:
The ratio analysis shows that while earnings have been resilient, declining margins could signal a need for tighter cost control or operational efficiency improvements. The steady dividend increases and strengthened liquidity position suggest that the company is managing its capital well and prioritizing shareholder returns, even in a slowing revenue environment.
The three-year financial statement analysis of MACA Limited reveals a company that experienced significant growth in 2014 but faced headwinds in 2015—reflected in slower revenue growth and compressed margins. Despite these challenges, MACA’s commitment to strong operational management, improved liquidity, and consistent shareholder returns (via dividend increases) positions it well to manage future market volatility. The detailed ratio analysis underlines the importance of maintaining efficiency in cost management as the revenue growth cycle decelerates.
Below is a detailed explanation of the results from MACA Limited’s financial statement analysis from 2013 to 2015. This explanation summarizes key profitability, liquidity, efficiency, leverage, and investment ratios, and then draws overall conclusions about the company’s financial health and management effectiveness.
1. Profitability Analysis
- Gross and Net Profit Margins:
In 2014, MACA made 13.1% profit on each dollar of sales (with 86.9% consumed by cost of sales). In 2015, the margin fell slightly to 12.5%, with 87.5% of each dollar spent on direct costs. Although the change is small (about 0.1 percentage point decrease), it signals a modest decline in pricing or cost efficiency compared to the previous year. - Other Operating Costs:
The analysis indicates that MACA’s non-direct operating costs (expenses not directly tied to cost of sales) remained nearly constant at 9.4% of sales in both 2014 and 2015. A marginal improvement (0.03% decline) is noted, which is positive but not enough to offset the overall slight margin compression. - Overall Result:
Despite the small decline in profit margins, MACA generated a good profit from its trading activities. The Chairman’s report attributes part of the 2015 slowdown to a challenging market environment for mining and civil operations—weak commodity prices and subdued market sentiment in the latter half of the year weighed on performance.
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2. Management Effectiveness
- Return on Assets (ROA):
ROA measures how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate profit. In 2014, MACA earned about 25% on every dollar of assets. By 2015, this figure dropped to approximately 13%—a decline of roughly 47%. This significant decrease suggests that asset utilization became less efficient, possibly due to slower operations or underutilized resources in a tougher market. - Return on Capital Employed (ROCE):
ROCE remained steady at around 18.6% in both years, meaning that, relative to the capital employed (total assets minus current liabilities), MACA’s operating profit did not improve or worsen significantly from 2014 to 2015. - Return on Equity (ROE):
Shareholders’ return increased modestly—from 12.8% in 2014 to 13.6% in 2015 (a 6% increase). Although this is positive for investors, the contrast with the sharp decline in ROA highlights that while shareholders received a higher return relative to their invested capital, overall asset efficiency suffered.
3. Liquidity and Leverage
- Working Capital and Quick Ratios:
The working capital ratio improved from 1.89 in 2014 to about 2.06 in 2015, indicating a 9% improvement in MACA’s ability to cover its short-term liabilities with its current assets. The quick ratio (excluding inventory) showed a slight improvement (about 5%), which is a good sign of liquidity. - Cash Ratio:
There was a significant improvement in the cash ratio—from 0.78 in 2014 to approximately 1.10 in 2015 (a 42% increase). This means MACA’s cash holdings relative to current liabilities improved markedly, enhancing short-term financial security. - Debt to Equity and Debt to Assets Ratios:
Both the long-term debt to equity ratio and the total debt to equity ratio declined (by 34% and 20%, respectively), reflecting a stronger equity base and lower leverage. Additionally, the equity ratio increased from about 55% to 64%, suggesting that a higher proportion of the company’s assets was financed by equity rather than debt.
4. Investment and Efficiency Ratios
- Earnings Per Share (EPS) and PE Ratio:
EPS declined by 21% from 0.31 in 2014 to 0.24 in 2015. In contrast, the price-to-earnings (PE) ratio increased from 2.8 to 3.6 (a 29% increase), indicating that while share prices rose modestly, lower EPS led to a higher PE multiple. Dividend yields fell slightly (from 17% to 16%), while the dividend payout ratio increased significantly (from 47% to 63%), which may indicate a strategic decision to maintain shareholder distributions despite lower per-share earnings. - Efficiency – Inventory and Receivables Turnover:
- Inventory Turnover: In 2014, MACA’s inventory turnover was very high (around 731 times), suggesting rapid sales of inventory. However, in 2015, it dropped drastically to about 63 times, and the average age of inventory increased from approximately 0.5 days to nearly 5.8 days. This slowdown implies that inventory moved much slower in 2015, possibly due to market conditions.
- Accounts Receivable Turnover: A similar sharp decline is seen in accounts receivable turnover—from 1.39 in 2014 to 0.18 in 2015—indicating potential delays in collecting revenue.
- Asset Turnover: Despite these issues, the asset turnover ratio remained relatively stable, falling only marginally (from 1.47 to 1.44), meaning that overall, the company still generated a similar level of sales per dollar of assets.
5. Cost of Capital (WACC)
- Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC):
In 2014, MACA’s WACC was calculated to be about 28%, and in 2015 it decreased slightly to 26%. This suggests that the company’s cost of capital—essentially the return required by investors—declined, which is favorable for financing future projects and investments.
Overall Conclusion and Investment Perspective
- Profitability and Management Efficiency:
Although MACA Limited showed strong revenue and profit growth in 2014, the 2015 results indicate challenges in asset utilization, as evidenced by a significant drop in ROA and deteriorated efficiency ratios. These issues appear linked to a tougher market environment in 2015, with weak commodity prices and subdued trading conditions affecting both the mining and civil sectors. - Liquidity and Leverage:
On a positive note, MACA’s liquidity improved (with better working capital, quick, and cash ratios), and its leverage declined, underscoring a robust balance sheet that can support ongoing operations and future investments. - Shareholder Returns:
While EPS fell—partially due to the dilution from a new share placement—the company maintained and even increased its dividend payout ratios. The modest increase in ROE suggests that shareholders did receive a slightly higher return on their investment in 2015, even though overall asset efficiency suffered. - Cost of Capital:
A reduced WACC further strengthens the company’s position by lowering the hurdle rate for investment, making future projects potentially more attractive.
Final Assessment
Despite some declines in operational efficiency in 2015, MACA Limited maintains a strong financial foundation. Its improved liquidity, lower leverage, and commitment to rewarding shareholders (via increased dividend payouts) indicate that, from an investment perspective, MACA is well-positioned to meet its obligations and fund future growth. However, potential investors should note the challenges in asset utilization and efficiency, which the management will need to address to sustain profitability in a competitive and sometimes volatile market.
Overall, MACA Limited remains an attractive investment due to its robust capital base, solid dividend policy, and strategic initiatives that have helped it weather a difficult market environment.
Bibliography
http://www.maca.net.au/images/files/Reports/maca-2015-ar.pdf
Australia’s Mining Report Q3 2013 includes 5-YEAR FORECASTS TO 2017. Published by: Business Monitor International at www.businessmonitor.com
Francis, Emma 2015, “The Australian Mining Industry: More Than Just Shovels and Being the Lucky Country”. www.ipaustralia.gov.au/economics. ISBN 978-1-925245-05-9 (Online).
IBISWorld 2015: Construction Market Research Report | ANZSIC E | Oct 2015 http://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=306. Accessed November 13, 2015.
http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Financials?s=MLD:ASX&subview=Overview. Accessed: Nov 14, 2015.
